Which of the following is not one of the five major components of the NIMS systematic approach to incident management?

• A. Preparedness
• B. Communications and information management
• C. Resource management
• D. Martial law coordination

Answer: (D)

The five major components of NIMS focus on organizing civilian incident response across agencies: Preparedness, Communications and Information Management, Resource Management, Command and Management (the incident command system and coordination structures), and Ongoing Management and Maintenance. Martial law coordination isn’t part of this framework because NIMS centers on how to prepare, communicate, marshal resources, and command an incident within civilian governance and multi-agency coordination. Invoking martial law involves legal authority and military or extraordinary civil controls, which lie outside NIMS’ scope. The other options align with NIMS components, while martial law coordination does not.